Hydrosphere consists of a layer of water which is an inexhaustible resource.
About 97% of earth’s surface is covered in water. It is widely used for drinking, washing, cleaning and many other purposes.
Water exists in three forms namely – liquid above zero degree celsius and below 100 degree celsius, and solid below zero degree celsius and above 100 degree celsius as vapor.
Most of the water on Earth’s surface is present in oceans and sea. These water bodies consist of saline water. We can not consume saline water.
The fresh water is found in rivers, underground water, lakes and ponds.
All living organisms require water because all cellular processes use water as a medium in which substances are dissolved and transported. Hence, living organisms need to maintain a certain level of water in their bodies to stay alive.
The number of individuals of species and diversity of a place is decided by the availability of water.
Water pollution is the polluting of water bodies with hazardous and undesired elements.
Pollutants in water :-
Heat and oil spills are examples of physical water contaminants.
Detergents, fertilisers, pesticides, and other chemical contaminants
Biological contaminants such as viruses, bacteria, and other pathogens.
Water contamination sources
Sewage.
Waste from the manufacturing industry.
Detergents and soaps
Petroleum oil, for example.
Water contamination has a number of negative consequences.
Typhoid, cholera, jaundice, and other human ailments are caused by it.
It has a negative impact on the environment.
It promotes eutrophication by causing water bloom.
It produces a temperature shift.
Biological amplification occurs as a result.
It causes organic stuff to decompose.